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==Events== *1294 – Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only five months; Celestine hoped to return to his previous life as an ascetic hermit. *1545 – The Council of Trent begins. *1577 – Sir Francis Drake sets sail from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage. *1636 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the National Guard of the United States. *1642 – Abel Tasman reaches New Zealand. *1643 – English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire. *1758 – The English transport ship ''Duke William'' sinks in the North Atlantic, killing over 360 people. *1769 – Dartmouth College is founded by the Reverend Eleazar Wheelock, with a royal charter from King George III, on land donated by Royal governor John Wentworth. *1862 – American Civil War: At the Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee defeats Union Major General Ambrose Burnside. *1867 – A Fenian bomb explodes in Clerkenwell, London, killing six. *1928 – George Gershwin's ''An American in Paris'' is first performed. *1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking – The city of Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese. This is followed by the Nanking Massacre, in which Japanese troops rape and murder hundreds of thousands of civilians. *1938 – The Holocaust: The Neuengamme concentration camp opens in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, Germany. *1939 – World War II: Battle of the River Plate – Captain Hans Langsdorff of the German Deutschland-class cruiser (pocket battleship) ''Admiral Graf Spee'' engages with Royal Navy cruisers , and . *1941 – World War II: The Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Romania declare war on the United States. *1943 – World War II: The Massacre of Kalavryta by German occupying forces in Greece. *1949 – The Knesset votes to move the capital of Israel to Jerusalem. *1959 – Archbishop Makarios III becomes the first President of Cyprus. *1960 – While Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia visits Brazil, his Imperial Bodyguard seizes the capital and proclaims him deposed and his son, Crown Prince Asfa Wossen, Emperor. *1962 – NASA launches ''Relay 1'', the first active repeater communications satellite in orbit. *1967 – Constantine II of Greece attempts an unsuccessful counter-coup against the Regime of the Colonels. *1968 – Brazilian President Artur da Costa e Silva issues AI-5 (Institutional Act No. 5), enabling government by decree and suspending habeas corpus. *1972 – Apollo program: Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt begin the third and final extra-vehicular activity (EVA) or "Moonwalk" of ''Apollo 17''. To date they are the last humans to set foot on the Moon. *1974 – Malta becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations. *1977 – A DC-3 aircraft chartered from the Indianapolis-based National Jet crashes near Evansville Regional Airport, killing 29, including the University of Evansville basketball team, support staff and boosters of the team. *1979 – The Canadian Government of Prime Minister Joe Clark is defeated in the House of Commons, prompting the 1980 Canadian election. *1981 – General Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland to prevent dismantling of the communist system by ''Solidarity''. *1988 – PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat gives a speech at a UN General Assembly meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, after United States authorities refused to grant him a visa to visit UN headquarters in New York. *1989 – The Troubles: Attack on Derryard checkpoint – The Provisional Irish Republican Army launches an attack on a British Army temporary vehicle checkpoint near Rosslea, Northern Ireland. Two British soldiers are killed and one badly wounded. *2000 – The "Texas Seven" escape from the John B. Connally Unit near Kenedy, Texas, and go on a robbery spree, during which police officer Aubrey Hawkins is shot and killed. *2001 – Sansad Bhavan, the building housing the Indian Parliament, is attacked by terrorists. Twelve people are killed, including the terrorists. *2002 – European Union enlargement: The EU announces that Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia will become members from May 1, 2004. *2003 – Iraq War: Operation Red Dawn – Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is captured near his home town of Tikrit. *2006 – Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is adopted. *2011 – A murder–suicide in Liège, Belgium, kills six and wounds 125 people at a Christmas market. *2014 – Landslides caused by heavy rain in Java, Indonesia, kill at least 56 people. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「December 13」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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